Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: единно разрешение
- CZ: jednotné povolení
- DE: kombinierte Erlaubnis
- EE: ühtne luba
- EN: single permit
- ES: permiso único
- FI: yhdistelmälupa
- FR: permis unique
- GA: ceadúnas aoniarratais
- GR: ενιαία άδεια
- HU: összevont engedély
- IT: permesso unico
- LT: vienas leidimas
- LV: vienota atļauja
- MT: Permess għal persuna waħda
- NL: gecombineerde vergunning
- NO: samlet tillatelse (b) / samla løyve (n)
- PL: jednolite zezwolenie
- PT: autorização única
- RO: permis unic
- SE: kombinerat tillstånd
- SK: jednotné povolenie na pobyt a zamestnanie
- SL: enotno dovoljenje
A residence permit issued by the authorities of an EU Member State after a single application procedure allowing a third-country national to reside legally in its territory for the purpose of work.
A single permit is a combined title encompassing both residence and work permits within a single administrative act based on a common set of rights for third-country workers legally residing in an EU Member State.
- BG: незаконно наемане на законно пребиваващ гражданин на трета страна
- CZ: neoprávněné zaměstnávání oprávněně pobývajícího státního příslušníka třetí země
- DE: illegale Beschäftigung eines Drittstaatsangehörigen mit rechtmäßigem Aufenthalt
- EE: seaduslikult riigis viibiva kolmanda riigi kodaniku ebaseadusliku töötamise võimaldamine
- EN: illegal employment of a legally staying third-country national
- ES: empleo ilegal de nacional de tercer país en situación de residencia legal
- FI: laillisesti oleskelevan kolmannen maan kansalaisen laiton työnteko
- FR: emploi illégal d’un ressortissant de pays tiers en séjour régulier
- GA: fostaíocht neamhdhleathach náisiúnaigh tríú tír atá i láthair go neamhdhleathach
- GR: παράνομη απασχόληση νομίμως διαμένοντος υπηκόου τρίτης χώρας
- HU: jogszerűen / legálisan tartózkodó harmadik országbeli állampolgárok illegális foglalkoztatása
- IT: lavoro illegale di un cittadino di un paese terzo regolarmente soggiornante
- LT: teisėtai šalyje esančio trečiosios šalies piliečio neteisėtas darbas
- LV: trešās valsts pilsoņa, kas likumīgi uzturas valstī, nelikumīga nodarbinātība
- MT: Impieg illegali ta’ ċittadin(a) minn pajjiż terz residenti b’mod irregolari
- NL: illegale tewerkstelling van legaal verblijvende derdelanders
- NO: ulovlig sysselsetting av tredjestatsborgere med lovlig opphold (b) / ulovleg sysselsetjing av tredjestatsborgarar med lovleg opphald (n)
- PL: nielegalne zatrudnienie obywatela państwa trzeciego przebywającego legalnie
- PT: emprego ilegal
- RO: angajarea ilegală a străinilor cu şedere legală
- SE: olaglig anställning av tredjelandsmedborgare som vistas lagligt
- SK: nelegálne zamestnávanie oprávnene sa zdržiavajúcich štátnych príslušníkov tretích krajín
- SL: nezakonita zaposlitev državljana tretje države, ki prebiva zakonito
Employment of a legally staying third-country national working outside the conditions of their residence permit and / or without a work permit. which is is subject to each EU Member State’s national law.
- BG: документ за пребиваване
- CZ: povolení k pobytu
- DE: Aufenthaltstitel (EU acquis)
- EE: elamisluba (dokument)
- EN: residence document
- ES: documento de residencia
- FI: oleskeluun oikeuttava asiakirja, oleskeluasiakirja (oleskelulupa)
- FR: titre de séjour
- GA: doiciméad cónaithe
- GR: έγγραφο διαμονής
- HU: tartózkodásra jogosító okmány
- IT: titolo di soggiorno
- LT: teisę gyventi šalyje patvirtinantis dokumentas
- LV: uzturēšanās dokuments
- MT: Dokument ta’ residenza
- NL: verblijfsdocument
- NO: oppholdsdokument (b) / opphaldsdokument (n)
- PL: dokument pobytowy
- PT: título de residência
- RO: document de şedere
- SE: uppehållstillstånd
- SK: doklad o pobyte
- SL: dokument za prebivanje
A document issued by the authorities of an EU Member State authorising a third-country national to stay in its territory, including the documents substantiating the authorisation to remain in the territory under temporary protection arrangements or until the circumstances preventing a removal order from being carried out no longer apply, with the exception of visas and residence authorisations issued during the period required to determine the responsible EU Member State as established in Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) or during examination of an application for international protection or an application for a residence permit.
- BG: Шенгенска информационна система
- CZ: Schengenský informační systém
- DE: Schengener Informationssystem
- EE: Schengeni infosüsteem
- EN: Schengen Information System
- ES: Sistema de Información de Schengen
- FI: Schengenin tietojärjestelmä
- FR: Système d’information Schengen
- GA: Córas Faisnéise Schengen
- HU: Schengeni Információs Rendszer
- IT: Sistema di Informazione Schengen
- LT: Šengeno informacinė sistema
- LV: Šengenas informācijas sistēma
- MT: Sistema ta’ Informazzjoni Schengen
- NL: Schengeninformatiesysteem
- NO: Schengen informasjonssystem
- PL: System Informacji Schengen
- PT: Sistema de Informação de Schengen
- RO: Sistemul de Informaţii Schengen
- SE: Schengens informationssystem
- SK: Schengenský informačný systém
- SL: Schengenski informacijski sistem
A joint information system that enables the relevant authorities in each EU Member State, by means of an automated search procedure, to have access to alerts on persons and property for the purposes of border checks and other police and customs checks carried out within the country in accordance with national law and, for some specific categories of alerts (Art. 96), for the purposes of issuing visas, residence permits and the administration of legislation on aliens in the context of the application of the provisions of the Schengen Convention relating to the movement of persons.
The second-generation Schengen Information System (SIS II) was launched in April 2013 with enhanced functionalities, such as the possibility to use biometrics, new types of alerts, the possibility to link different alerts (such as an alert on a person and a vehicle) and a facility for direct queries on the system. SIS II also contains copies of European arrest warrants (EAW), which are recognised as having the same legal value as the originals, making it easier and quicker for the competent authorities to ensure the necessary follow-up. For more information, see the DG Migration and Home Affairs e-Library Glossary.
- BG: събиране на семейство
- CZ: sloučení rodiny
- DE: Familienzusammenführung
- EE: perekonna taasühinemine
- EN: family reunification
- ES: reagrupación familiar
- FI: perheenyhdistäminen
- FR: regroupement familial
- GA: athaontú teaghlaigh
- GR: οικογενειακή επανένωση
- HU: családegyesítés
- IT: ricongiungimento familiare
- LT: šeimos susijungimas
- LV: ģimenes apvienošana / ģimenes atkalapvienošana
- MT: Riunifikazzjoni tal-familja
- NL: gezinshereniging
- NO: familiegjenforening (b) / familiegjenforeining (n)
- PL: łączenie rodzin
- PT: reagrupamento familiar
- RO: re?ntregirea familiei, reunificarea familiei
- SE: familjeåterförening
- SK: zlúčenie rodiny
- SL: združevanje družine
a) the entry into and residence in an EU Member State, in accordance with Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive), by family members of a third-country national residing lawfully in that EU Member State (‘sponsor’) in order to preserve the family unit, whether the family relationship arose before or after the entry of the sponsor; or
b) between an union citizen and third-country national established outside the European Union who then subsequently enters the European Union.
2. In FR, ‘réunification familiale’ is only used when referring to family members of beneficiaries of international protection.
Part (b): Developed by EMN
- BG: незаконна заетост
- CZ: neoprávněné zaměstnávání
- DE: illegale Beschäftigung
- EE: ebaseaduslik töötamine
- EN: illegal employment
- ES: empleo ilegal
- FI: laiton työnteko
- FR: emploi illégal
- GA: fostaíocht neamhdhleathach
- GR: παράνομη απασχόληση
- HU: illegális foglalkoztatás
- IT: lavoro illegale
- EN: neteisėtas darbas
- LV: nelikumīga nodarbinātība
- MT: Impjieg illegali
- NL: illegale tewerkstelling (syn.: illegale arbeid, zwart werken)
- NO: illegalt arbeid
- PL: nielegalne zatrudnienie
- PT: emprego ilegal
- RO: angajare ilegală, muncă la negru
- SE: olaglig anställning / sysselsättning
- SK: nelegálne zamestnávanie
- SL: ilegalna zaposlitev / nezakonita zaposlitev
Economic activity carried out in violation of provisions set by legislation.
2. In the context of Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive) this means the employment of an illegally staying third-country national (see Art. 2(d)).
- BG: незаконно влизане
- CZ: neoprávněný vstup na území
- DE: irreguläre Einreise
- EE: ebaseaduslik (riiki) sisenemine
- EN: irregular entry
- ES: entrada irregular
- FI: laiton maahantulo
- FR: entrée irrégulière
- GA: iontráil aimhrialta
- GR: παράνομη είσοδος
- HU: szabálytalan határátlépés
- IT: ingresso irregolare
- LT: neteisėtas atvykimas
- LV: nelikumīga ieceļošana
- MT: Dħul irregolari
- NL: illegale binnenkomst
- NO: irregulær innreise
- PL: nieregularny wjazd
- PT: entrada irregular
- SE: olaglig inresa
- SK: nelegálny vstup / neoprávnený vstup
- SL: ilegalen vstop / nedovoljen vstop
In the Schengen context, the entry of a third-country national into a Schengen Member State who does not satisfy Art. 5 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code).
2. Art. 5 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code) states that for stays not exceeding three months per six-month period, the entry conditions for third-country nationals shall be the following:
a) they are in possession of a valid travel document or documents authorising them to cross the border;
b) they are in possession of a valid visa, if required pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement (17), except where they hold a valid residence permit;
c) they justify the purpose and conditions of the intended stay, and they have sufficient means of subsistence, both for the duration of the intended stay and for the return to their country of origin or transit to a third country into which they are certain to be admitted, or are in a position to acquire such means lawfully;
d) they are not persons for whom an alert has been issued in the SIS for the purposes of refusing entry;
e) they are not considered to be a threat to public policy, internal security, public health or the international relations of any of the EU Member States, in particular where no alert has been issued in EU Member States' national data bases for the purposes of refusing entry on the same grounds.
3. For more information, see Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code).
- BG: разрешение за пребиваване
- CZ: povolení k pobytu
- DE: Aufenthaltstitel (EU acquis); Aufenthaltserlaubnis / Niederlassungserlaubnis (DE)
- EE: elamisluba
- EN: residence permit
- ES: permiso de residencia
- FI: oleskelulupa
- FR: permis de séjour
- GA: cead cónaithe
- GR: άδεια διαμονής
- HU: tartózkodási engedély
- IT: permesso di soggiorno
- LV: uzturēšanās atļauja
- MT: Permess ta’ residenza
- NL: verblijfsvergunning
- NO: oppholdstillatelse (b) / opphaldsløyve (n)
- PL: zezwolenie na pobyt
- PT: autorização de residência
- RO: permis de şedere
- SE: uppehållstillstånd
- SK: povolenie na pobyt
- SL: dovoljenje za prebivanje
Any authorisation issued by the authorities of an EU Member State allowing a non-EU national to stay legally in its territory, in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) No 265/2010 (Long Stay Visa Regulation).
- BG: право на свободно движение
- CZ: právo volného pohybu
- DE: Recht auf Freizügigkeit
- EE: vaba liikumise õigus
- EN: right to free movement
- ES: derecho a la libre circulación
- FI: oikeus liikkua vapaasti
- FR: droit à la libre circulation
- GA: ceart saorghluaiseachta
- HU: szabad mozgáshoz való jog
- IT: diritto di libera circolazione
- LT: laisvo judėjimo teisė
- LV: tiesības brīvi pārvietoties
- MT: Dritt għal-libertà tal-moviment / għall‑moviment bla xkiel / għall-merħ ħieles
- NL: recht op vrij verkeer
- NO: rett til fri bevegelse (b) / rett til fri rørsle (n)
- PL: prawo do swobodnego przepływu
- RO: dreptul la liberă circulaţie
- SE: rätt till fri rörlighet
- SK: právo na slobodný pohyb / právo na voľný pohyb
- SL: pravica do prostega gibanja
The right of EU citizens and legally resident third-country nationals (in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community) to move and reside freely within the territory of the EU Member States.
2. Free movement of workers also applies to the countries in the European Economic Area (IS, LI, NO) and to CH.
3. The provisions of the treaties in relation to freedom of movement apply in the same way to the ten EU Member States that joined the EU in 2004, BG and RO that joined in January 2007 and HR, which joined in July 2013. Some of the original EU Member States (before May 2004) apply transitional agreements that currently restrict freedom of movement to workers for a certain time period (see the description of freedom of movement on the European Citizens’ Information website).
4. Freedom of movement and residence are granted, in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, only for certain categories of third-country nationals, i.e. long-term residents, highly-skilled workers, researchers and students. Whilst third-country nationals who hold a valid residence permit or visa have the right to move freely within the Schengen area for up to three months within a six-month period, the rights in relation to taking up residence for a period exceeding three months in another EU Member State are covered by specific legal instruments, depending on their status, and subject to conditions in national legislation.
- BG: документ за пътуване
- CZ: cestovní doklad
- DE: Reisedokument
- EE: reisidokument
- EN: travel document
- ES: documento de viaje
- FI: matkustusasiakirja
- FR: document de voyage
- GA: doiciméad taistil
- HU: úti okmány
- IT: documento di viaggio
- LT: kelionės dokumentas
- LV: ceļošanas dokuments
- MT: Dokument tal-ivvjaġġar
- NL: reisdocument
- NO: reisedokument
- PL: dokument podróży
- RO: document de călătorie
- SE: resehandling
- SK: cestovný doklad
- SL: potna listina
A document issued by a government or international treaty organisation which is acceptable proof of identity for the purpose of entering another country.
2. Some States also accept certain identity cards or other documents, such as residence permits.
- BG: извеждане
- CZ: vyhoštění
- DE: Abschiebung
- EE: väljasaatmine
- EN: removal
- ES: expulsión
- FI: maasta poistaminen
- FR: éloignement
- GA: aistriú
- GR: απομάκρυνση
- HU: kitoloncolás
- IT: allontanamento
- LT: išsiuntimas
- LV: piespiedu izraidīšana
- MT: Tneħħija
- NL: uitzetting (syn: verwijdering)
- NO: uttransportering
- PL: odesłanie (wyjazd)
- PT: afastamento
- RO: Îndepărtare de pe teritoriu / returnare
- SE: avlägsnande
- SK: odsun
- SL: odstranitev
In the EU context, the enforcement of the obligation to return, namely the physical transportation out of the EU Member State.
2. While deportation and removal often are understood as synonyms, deportation is not used as a legal term in all EU Member States (only DE, FI, IE and UK define 'deportation' in their legislation) and is only applicable as a general concept by the public, sometimes with a negative connotation. Because of this variation, ‘removal ‘ is the preferred term to use.
3. In DE deportation and removal are defined in legislation (Sect. 57 and 58 of the Residence Act) and have different meanings. In FI deportation is synonymous with removal only in cases of a foreign citizen who: - resides in the country under a fixed term or permanent residence permit issued by Finnish authorities; - resides in the country and whose residence has been registered as provided in this Act; or - continues to reside in the country after his or her residence permit, registered residence or residence card has expired (Sect. 143 of the Finnish Aliens' Act).
- BG: престой над разрешения срок
- CZ: překročení doby povoleného pobytu
- DE: Overstayer, rechtswidrige Überschreitung eines befristeten Aufenthalts
- EE: lubatud viibimisaja ületa(ja)mine
- EN: overstay(er)
- ES: extranjero en situación irregular sobrevenida
- FI: henkilö, joka on jäänyt maahan oleskeluluvan tai viisumin umpeuduttua
- FR: personne dépassant la durée de séjour autorisée
- GA: rófhantóir (and overstaying = rófhantóireacht)
- GR: ο αλλοδαπός διαμένων πέραν του χρόνου που δικαιούται
- HU: túltartózkodó
- IT: overstayer
- LT: asmuo, viršijęs teisėto buvimo laiką
- LV: persona, kas pārsniedz atļauto uzturēšanās termiņu
- MT: Sebq (Sebbieq) il-qgħad // Min jiskorrilu / jiskadilu l-permess (biex) jibqa’ // Min itawwal żjara illegalment
- NL: overstayer
- NO: person hvis oppholdstillatelse er utløpt (b) / person med opphaldsløyve som har gått ut (n)
- PL: osoba która utraciła prawo do pobytu
- PT: estrangeiro com excesso de permanência
- RO: străin cu şedere ilegală (prin depăşirea termenului de şedere conferit de viză sau alt document de şedere)
- SE: person vars uppehållstillstånd har gått ut
- SK: osoba, ktorá prekročila povolenú dobu pobytu
- SL: prekoračitev dovoljenega časa prebivanja / oseba, ki prekorači dovoljeni čas prebivanja v državi
n the EU context, a person who has legally entered but then stayed in an EU Member State beyond the allowed duration of their permitted stay without the appropriate visa (typically 90 days or six months), or of their visa and / or residence permit.
EU context: developed by EMN
- BG: хуманитарен статут
- CZ: humanitární ochrana
- DE: humanitärer Schutz
- EE: humanitaarkaitse
- EN: humanitarian protection
- ES: protección humanitaria
- FI: humanitaarinen suojelu
- FR: protection humanitaire
- GA: cosaint dhaonnúil
- GR: προστασία για ανθρωπιστικούς λόγους
- HU: humanitárius védelem
- IT: protezione umanitaria
- LT: humanitarinė (papildoma) apsauga
- LV: humānā aizsardzība
- MT: Protezzjoni umanitarja
- NL: bescherming op humanitaire gronden
- NO: beskyttelse på humanitært grunnlag (b) / vern på humanitært grunnlag (n)
- PL: ochrona o charakterze humanitarnym
- PT: protecção humanitária
- RO: protecţie umanitară
- SE: humanitärt skydd
- SK: humanitárna ochrana
- SL: humanitarna zaščita
A form of non-EU harmonised protection nowadays normally replaced by subsidiary protection, except in some EU Member States.
2. IE has also opted-into the Qualification Directive, and uses the term ‘leave to remain’.
3. In DE, FI and IT, humanitarian protection and subsidiary protection are different concepts. In DE and IT, humanitarian protection is the reception and residence of refugees under international law or on humanitarian or political (DE only) grounds, and in FI, humanitarian protection is granted to foreign nationals who cannot return to their country of origin or country of former habitual residence as a result of an environmental catastrophe or a bad security situation, which may be due to an international or internal armed conflict or a poor human rights situation.
4. In EE, LV, this term is not used.
5. AT and ES use a similar expression, namely ‘residence permit on humanitarian grounds’.
6. In BG, humanitarian protection encompasses subsidiary protection as well as protection granted for other humanitarian reasons (see Art. 9, SG No 52 of 2007).
7. In NO, a residence permit may be granted, even if the other conditions laid down in the Act are not satisfied, provided there are strong humanitarian considerations or the foreign national has a particular connection with the realm. To determine whether there are strong humanitarian considerations, an overall assessment shall be made of the case. Importance may be attached, inter alia, to whether the foreign national is an unaccompanied minor who would be without proper care if they were returned; the foreign national needs to stay in the realm due to compelling health circumstances; there are social or humanitarian circumstances relating to the return situation that give grounds for granting a residence permit; the foreign national has been a victim of human trafficking. (For further information, see Immigration Act of May 2008, Chaper 5, Section 38).